4강에서는 동사의 형태와 종류에 대해서 배웠습니다.
가장중요한거 같습니다 동사의 종류와 쓰임이 정말 다양하네요.
해커스 리딩
4강 동사의 형태와 종류
1 조동사+동사원형
※ 조동사(will/would, may/might, can/could, must/should) 다음에 동원
Anne will (to answer, answer) the phone.
Robert can (finishing, finish) the marketing report by Monday.
동사의 어미가 특이한 형태를 주의하라
lower 인하하다 broaden 확장하다
broker 중개하다 initial 머리글자로 서명하다
The city will ________ the road. 시가 도로를 확장할 것이다.
(A) wide
(B) be widen
(C) width
(D) widen
※부정문이나 도치 구문을 만드는 조동사(do/does/did) 다음에 반드시 동원
The train did not (left, leave) until 2 P.M.
Never did he (agree, agreed) to the moving plan.
not/never/hardly
rarely/scarcely/seldom + do/does/did + 주어 + 동원
little
Never did he (agreed, agree).
하지만 완료시제 [has/have/had+과거분사]는 다음과 같이 도치
hardly + has/have/had + 주어 + 과거분사
Hardly has he (meet, met).
2 진행형/수동형/완료형
※진행형/수동형/완료형
| 진행 | 완료 | 수동 |
현재 | is/are/am+ing | has/have+pp | is being pp(진행) have been pp(완료) |
과거 | was/were+ing | had+pp | was being pp(진행) had been pp(완료) |
미래 | will be+ing | will have+pp | will be being pp(진행) will have been pp(완료) |
진행형-She is waiting for her grandmother.
수동형-Supplies were transported to the office.
완료형-I have seen A Man of Many Wishes.
※be 동사와 have 동사 다음에는 동원이 올수 없다.
My parents are (play, playing) golf this afternoon.
The forms must be (distribute, distributed) by Tuesday.
We have (taste, tasted) the new Italian dish.
cf) The coffee shop is open.(O)
3 자동사 vs 타동사, 3형식 동사 vs 4형식 동사
※자동사+전치사, 목적어 타동사+목적어
의미 | 자동사 | 타동사 |
말하다 설명하다 답하다 반대하다 참석하다 기다리다 | speak/talk (to) account (for) reply (to) object (to) participate in wait for | say (목적어1) tell (목적어2) explain answer oppose attend await |
※that 절 1개[3형식] vs that 절 2개[4형식]
say that tell me that
3형식+목적어(that) | 4형식+목1+목2(that) |
<SES> Say/mention/announce Explain/describe Suggest/recommend/propose | <RIACA>리어카 Remind 상기 Inform/notify/apprise Assure 보장 Convince 설득 Advise 알리다 |
The consultant (said, told) the owner that operating costs were too high.
컨설턴트는 운영비가 너무 높다고 소유주에게 말했다.
4 제안 요청 의무 that 주어 + 동사원형
※주절에 주장, 요청, 명령, 제안을 나타내는 동사/형용사/명사가 나오면, 종속절에는 동원(should 생략되서)
동사 | 주장-insist 요구,주장-ask, require, demand 명령-order, command 제안,추천-suggest, propose, recommend |
형용사 | imperative/essential[필수적인]] important[중요한]/necessary[필요한] |
명사 | advice |
The airline requests that all baggage (is kept, be kept) in the overhead compartments.->요청
It is essential that the process (is completed, be completed) in a timely fashion.->의무
잠깐! 제안,요청,의무를 의미하지 않는다면, that 절에 동사원형 사용X
The article suggests(보여주다/나타내다) that advertising (create/creates) higher consumer demand.
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