6강에서는 능동태/수동태에 대해서 배웠습니다.
약간은 헷갈리고 이해가 힘드네요
주말동안 열심히 해서 완벽 이해해서 시험때 맞춰야 겠습니다.
해커스 리딩
6강 능동태와 수동태
1. 기본개념
①능동태:주어->행위의 주체
②수동태:주어->행위의 대상
2. 수동태를 만들 수 있는 동사
->자동사:목적어X ->수동태 불가
arrive, happen, take place, occur 발생하다
rise 인상하다, function 작동하다
consist of 구성하다, proceed 진행하다
->타동사:가능
Ⓐ시제에 따라 수동태 만드는 법-현재
형태 | 단순 | 진행 | 완료 |
능동 | 현/과/미 | be+ing | have p.p |
수동 | be+pp | be being pp | have been p.p |
Ⓑ수동태 예시 -현재
형태 | 단순 | 진행 | 완료 |
능동 | repair | is reparing | have repaired |
수동 | is repaired | is being repaired | have been repaired |
[수동태 만들기]
Ⓐ단순현재
Gil repairs the car.
-> The car is repaired by Gil.
Ⓑ현재진행
Gil is repairing the car.
-> The car is being repaired by Gil.
Ⓒ현재완료
Gil has repaired the car.
-> The car has been repaired by Gil.
1 능동태와 수동태의 구별
※능동태+목적어(0), 수동태+목적어(X)
My mother (is played, plays) the piano.
A billing statement will (provide, be provided).
※to 부정사의 동사와 관계절 동사의 능동태/수동태
-> 목적어에 따라 구별
Employees are required (to be submitted, to submit) tax forms at the end of every year.
A famous author who (is written, writes) children's fairy tales is giving a reading today.
2 4형식, 5형식 동사의 수동태
※목적어를 두 개 가지는 4형식 동사가 수동태
Ⓐ William gave Joan(간접) a book(직접).
->Joan was given a book (by William).
Ⓑ William gave Joan(간접) a book(직접).
->A book was given to Joan (by William).
4형식 동사
give/grant 주다 offer 제공하다 send 보내다
assign 할당하다 award 수여하다
※목적경 보어가 명사구인 5형식 수동태
Ⓐ타동사+목적어+목적보어(명사)
Mr. Edwards considers the project a success.
->The project is considered a success.
목적격 보어로 명사를 주로 취하는 단어들
elect 선발하다 find 알다, 인식하다
consider 간주하다, 여기다 name 임명하다
make 만들다 call 부르다, 호칭하다
Ⓑ KFCLMCH +목적어 +목적보어(형용사)
The company should keep the file confidential.
->The file should be kept confidential (by the company)
목적격 보어로 형용사를 취하는 단어들
keep 목적어가 ~하게 하다 find 알다, 인식하다
consider 간주하다=deem leave (상태로) 만들다
make 만들다 call 부르고 호칭하다
hold+목+accountable/reponsible for[목적어에게] ~의 책임을 맡기다.
※목적격 보어가 to 부정사구 5형식 동사의 수동태
능동[타+목+목적보어(to부] | 수동 |
요청 ask/request/require A to B 부탁/권유 urge/encourage/invite A to B 지시/권고 advise/instruct A to B | be asked to be requested to be required to be urged to be encouraged to be invited to be advised to |
The passenger asked the taxi driver to slow down.
->The taxi driver was asked to slow down.
3 감정동사의 능동태/수동태 구별
※주어가 감정의 원인이면 능동태, 주어가 감정을 느끼면 수동태
재미/만족 | 낙담/불만 | 당황/충격 |
interest excite | disappoint frustrate | shock surprise |
*영향을 주면 능동, 영향을 받으면 수동
The movie was __ing________so I was ___ed_______
※주어가 감정의 원인이면 능동태, 주어가 감정을 느끼면 수동태
The high profits (were pleased, pleased) both CEO and the investors.
Mike (was pleasing, was pleased) to learn that he had been promoted.
->delighted
4 수동태 동사 숙어
※수동태 동사+전치사
※빈출표현※
be pleased / delighted with 만족
be involved in 관여하다 be associated with 관련되다
be devoted / dedicated / committed to 헌신하다
be related to 관련되어 있다 cf)relationship with
The office space is equipped with conference rooms and a staff lounge.
※수동태 동사 +to부정사
be allowed / enabled to ->가능
be supposed / scheduled to ->예정
All guests are required to check in at the front desk.
※출제포인트※
<전치사to vs to 부정사>
be dedicated / committed / devoted to -> to+목적어
be asked / required / requested to ->to+동사원형
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