7강에서는 시제에 대해서 배웠습니다.
다양한 시제에 머리가 멘붕 ㅎㅎ
계속 반복하다보면 이해가 되겠죠??제발~
해커스 리딩
7강 시제
1. 현재/과거/미래가 전부가 아니다.
현재시제
I read a book. 단순현재
I am reading a book. 현재진행
I have read a book. 현재완료
I have been reading a book. 현재완료진행
※현재->반복되는 동작, 일반적인 사실
Robert usually takes the subway to commute to the office.
->빈도부사와 자주 사용 [often/ usually/ always/ seldom]
※과거시제->이미 끝난 과거의 동작이나 상태
I shipped the requested sample products the buyer two days ago.
함께 사용되는 표현
last+시간, 시간+ago, once 한때에
the other day 요전날
in+과거 달/년
recently 최근에(현재완료에도 사용)
※미래시제->미래의 상황에 대한 추측이나 의지
I will do my best to win the tennis competition.
함께 사용되는 표현 : next+시간, tomorrow
->be+ing, be going to 도 미래 표현 가능
I am watching a movie tomorrow.
I am going to visit my parents next week.
※시간/조건의 종속절에서는 미래시제 대신 현재시제 사용
접+S+V(종속절), S+V(주절)
*When/ once/ by the time/ if/ only if/ unless
시간/조건 접속사+S+현재/현재완료, S+미래/미래완료
When the writer (will finish, finishes) the first draft, it will be reviewed immediately by the editor.
2 현재진행/ 과거진행/ 미래진행
※현재 진행 시제(am/ is/ are + ing)->현재 진행되는 일
She is talking on the phone at the moment.
함께 자주 사용되는 표현
presently/ currently/ now/ at the moment
※과거 진행 시제(was/were + ing)->특정한 과거 시점에 진행되고 있던 일
I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.
※미래 진행 시제(will be + ing)는 특정한 미래 시점에 진행되고 있을 일을 표현한다.
By this time next Monday, we will be travelling to Paris!
※진행 시제로 쓸 수 없는 동사※
감정: like/ hate/ prefer/ want
상태: be/ exist/ know/ include/ need/ consist
I (am preferring, prefer) to relax in a quiet room alone.
※현재완료 시제(has/ have + pp)-> 경험/완료/계속
경험-> I have repaired the car before.
ever/ never/ lately/ recently
완료-> I have just repaired the car.
just/ already/ yet
지속/계속-> I have repaired the car for 5 hours.
for+기간/ since+시점
be 동사 완료 시제-> have/has/had+been
I am hungry. 현재
I was hungry. 과거
I have been hungry. 현재완료[for+시간,since+시점]
※과거 완료 시제(has +pp)는 과거의 특정 시점 이전에 발생한 일
When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
함께 자주 사용되는 접속사: by the time ~ 할때 즈음에
By the time I finished the report, the boss had already left for the day.
※미래완료시제(will have +pp) 는 미래 특정 시점 이전에 발생한 동작이 미래의 그 시점에 완료될 것임을 표현.
1) 미래시점-> by+시간관련표현 2)그 시점에 완료
I will have repaired the car by next Friday.
다음 주 금요일 까지는 차 수리를 완료해 놓겠습니다.
3 현재완료/ 과거완료/ 미래완료
현재완료 진행: has/have been ~ing
과거완료 진행: had been ~ing
미래완료 진행; will have been ~ing
1)말하는 시점에 진행중인 동작
2)그 이전부터 얼마나 계속되고 있는지 표현
I am writing a book now.
I have been writing a book for 10 years.
4 시제일치
※과거, 현재, 현재완료, 미래 시제와 함께 자주 쓰이는 표현들
단순현재 | always, regularly, normally, usually, generally, often, sometime(가끔씩), each+시간관련표현 |
현재진행 | now, at the moment, presently, currently |
과거 | last+시간, 시간+ago, once 한때에, the other day, in +과거 달/년 |
<현재완료>
지속/계속 | I have been lonely for many years. I have been lonely since you left me. since 2012. |
완료 | I have just finished my work.->이제, 막 I have already seen that movie.->벌써 I have not yet decided what to eat.->아직 |
경혐/결과 | I have never smoked before. I have read this novel lately. |
<현재완료>
빈출표현 | so far, until now, up to now, up to present=지금까지 since then 그 이후로 쭉 for/ in/ over the last +기간 for/ in/ over the past + 기간 The sales have increased over the last year. |
<미래>
미래/미래완료 | tomorrow, next+시간 by the time+주어+현재 once/when+주어+현재 |
<by the time>~할 때 즈음에
By the time S+과거, S+과거완료
By the time he arrived there, the train had already left.
By the time S+현재, S+미래/미래완료
He will have relocated to Dallas by the time the branch opens.
문제
He (has begun, began) going to the health club last week.
Doris (rented, has rented) that flat since she came to L.A.
He (has relocated, will have relocated) to Dollas by the time the branch opens.
※주절이 과거 시제일 경우, 종속절에는 과거나 과거완료
Mr. Fished informed us that the trainee's orientation
(is conducted, was conducted) yesterday.
절대적 법칙X, 반드시 앞뒤 문맥을 확인하고서 풀것.
현재 | I write a book. 단순 I am writing a book. 진행 I have writing a book.완료 I have been writing a book.완료진행 |
과거 | I wrote a book. I was writing a book. I had written a book. I had been writing a book. |
미래 | I will write a book. I will be writing a book. I will have written a book. I will have been writing a book. |
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