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6강- 능동태, 수동태

【기본 개념】

-능동태: 주어→ 행위의 주체

-수동태: 주어→ 행위의 대상

【수동태를 만들 수 있는 동사】

-타동사: 가능

-자동사: 목적어×⇒ 수동태 불가

arrive(도착하다), happen/take place/occur(발생하다), rise(인상하다), function(작동하다),

consist of(구성하다), proceed(진행하다)

【시제에 따라 ‘수동태’만드는 법(현재)】

※ ‘수동태’예시(현재)

【능동태와 수동태의 구별】

1)능동태+목적어(○), 수동태+목적어(×)

My mother (is played, plays) the piano.

A billing statement will (provide, be provided).

2)to부정사의 동사와 관계절 동사의 능동태/수동태: 목적어에 따라 구별

Employees are required (to be submitted, to submit) tax forms at the end of every year.

A famous author who (is written, writes) children’s fairy tales is giving a reading today.

【4형식, 5형식 동사의 수동태】

1)목적어를 두 개 가지는 4형식 동사가 수동태

William gave Joan(간접) a book(직접).

⇒ Joan was given a book(by William).

⇒ A book was given to Joan(by William).

※ 4형식 동사

give/grant(주다), offer(제공하다), send(보내다), assign(할당하다), award(수여하다)

2)목적격 보어가 ‘명사구’인 5형식 수동태

‘타동사+목적어+목적보어(명사)’

Mr. Edwards considers the project a success.

⇒ The project is considered a success.

※ 목적격 보어로 명사를 주로 취하는 단어들

elect(선발하다), find(알다, 인식하다), consider(간주하다, 여기다), name(임명하다), make (만들다), call(부르다, 호칭하다)

3)목적격 보어가 ‘형용사’인 5형식 수동태

‘KFCLMCH+목적어+목적보어(형용사)’

The company should keep the file confidential.

⇒ The file should be kept confidential(by the company).

※ 목적격 보어로 형용사를 취하는 단어들

keep(목적어가 ~하게 하다), find(알다, 인식하다), consider=deem(간주하다), leave[(상태로) 만들다], make(만들다), call(부르고 호칭하다)

hold + 목적어 + accountable/responsible for: (목적어에게)~의 책임을 맡기다

4)목적격 보어가 ‘to부정사구’인 5형식 동사의 수동태

The passenger asked the taxi driver to slow down.

→ The taxi driver was asked to slow down.

【감정동사의 능동태/수동태 구별】

1)주어가 감정의 원인이면 능동태, 주어가 감정을 느끼면 수동태!

2)영향을 주면 능동, 영향을 받으면 수동!

The movie was –ing so I was –ed.

The high profits (were pleased, pleased) both CEO and the investors.

Mike (was pleasing, was pleased) to learn that he had been promoted.

【수동태 동사 숙어】

1)수동태 동사+전치사

-be pleased/delighted with: 만족

-be involved in: 관여하다 be associated with: 관련되다

-be devoted/dedicated/committed to: 헌신하다

-be related to: 관련되어 있다 cf)relationship with

ex) The office space is equipped with conference rooms and a staff lounge.

2)수동태 동사+to부정사

be allowed/enabled to: 가능

be supposed/scheduled to: 예정

ex) All guests are required to check in at the front desk.

* 출제 포인트

‘전치사to VS to부정사’

① be dedicated/committed/devoted to⇒ to+목적어

② be asked/required/requested to⇒ to+동사원형

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【능동태와 수동태 관련 문제】

1. Westfield Café announced yesterday that it will open a new branch in a building on Edward Street that once _____ as a small sandpaper factory.
(A) uses
(B) has used
(C) was used
(D) using

[정답] (C) was used

[해석]
Westfield Café는 어제 발표했다 / 새로운 지점을 다시 열 것이라고 / Edward Street에 있는 건물에 / 한때 사용되었던 / 작은 사포 공장으로

[어휘]
announce 발표하다 / branch 지점 / once 한 때, 한 번 / sandpaper 사포 / factory 공장

[해설]

1)announce+발표내용

2)inform+A(사람)+of/about B(통지내용)

The president [announced(○)/informed(×)]winter bonuses

3)once

①접속사: ~한 후에, 하자마자

②부사: 한 때(과거), 한 번(once a week/month)

2. Managing Editor Carly Dickinson _____ the article to correct any typos, as well as grammar and punctuation errors.
(A) will review
(B) reviewing
(C) is reviewed
(D) has been reviewed

[정답] (A) will review

[해석]
편집장 Carly Dickinson은 기사를 검토할 것이다 / 모든 오타를 수정하기 위해 / 문법과 문장부호 오류뿐만 아니라

[어휘]
managing editor 편집장 / review 검토하다 / article 기사 / correct 수정하다 / typo 오타 / as well as ~뿐만 아니라 / grammar 문법 / punctuation 구두점 / error 오류

[해설]

1)typo: a small mistake in a printed document(=lapse=oversight)

2)editor(가산명사): 편집자(직책, 신분명사→ 동격/보어자리에 오면 관사 생략!)

3. The Freeport firefighters _____ with a wildfire that had to be contained before it spread to the residential areas.
(A) confronting
(B) were confronted
(C) confronted
(D) are confronting

[정답] (B) were confronted

[해석]
Freeport Firefighters 는 대처하였다 / 산불에 / 퍼지지 않게 막아야 했던 / 퍼지기 전에 / 주거 지역으로

[어휘]
confront 대결하다, 대처하다 / wildfire 산불 / contain 포함하다, 퍼지지 않게 막다

[해설]

1)주어가 목적어에 직면하다:

①S confront(타동사) O

S be confronted with O

②S face(타동사) O

S be faced with O

2)contain(억제하다)=hold back

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【어휘편- 형용사1】

1)versatile: 다목적으로 쓰이는, 다재다능한

The large open space of the office makes it versatile for many types of businesses.

=all purpose, multi-purpose

2)provisional: 임시의, 일시적인, 잠정적인

The provisional government announced that elections will be held in November.

3)exemplary: 훌륭한, 모범적인

Actor Lloyd Bennett’s exemplary performance in the film was acclaimed by many film critics.

4)reluctant: ~을 꺼리는, 주저하는

A survey showed that shoppers are reluctant to try cosmetics that are not well-known brands.

5)detailed: 상세한, 세부에 걸친

The seminar’s instructor has given participants a detailed schedule of planned activities.

* 출제포인트

① detailed descriptions(=accounts): 상세한 설명

② in depth(=in detail): 상세하게, 꼼꼼하게

6)partial: 일부분의, 편파적인

The client submitted partial payment and will pay the balance when the work is done.