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 | 17강- 부사2 【시간 부사】 1)already/still/yet
The director has already approved the new loge design. Sanator Bedford is still considering whether to run for reelection. Has the schedule been posted yet? * yet관용표현: 긍정문에 쓰여서 ‘아직’이라는 의미 have yet to/be yet to: 아직~하지 못했다 He has yet to finish the report. He is yet to arrive.
2)ever/ago/once
Kevin rarely ever participated in extracurricular activities at school. The manufacturing facility was inspected just a month ago.(시간+ago) Ms. Young once attended Western State University.(한때) A once popular restaurant operates in the building’s basement.(한때)
【빈도 부사 always, usually, often, hardly】 1)빈도부사의 종류 always(항상), almost(거의), often(자주), frequently(종종), usually(자주), once(한번), sometimes(때때로), hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, little(거의 ~않다) 2)빈도부사의 위치: 보통 일반 동사 앞/be동사 및 조동사 뒤에 위치 My sister often goes to the gym.[일반 동사 앞] The room is so noisy that I can hardly concentrate on my work.[조동사 뒤] Jenny is usually punctual.[be동사 뒤]
3)hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely 부정표현 Tom barely finished his assignment by the deadline. We could hardly see the performance from our seats in the back row.
* hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, little 부정부사의 도치 ① 일반 동사⇒:부정부사+do/does/did+주어+동사원형 ② 조동사/be동사(have/has/had+pp포함) -부정부사+조동사/be동사+주어 -부정부사+have/has/had+주어+pp
【접속 부사】 1)접속부사: 앞뒤 절의 의미를 연결해 주는 부사
otherwise: 달리, 그렇지 않으면 then: 그 이후에 meanwhile/meantime: 1)한편 2)그러는 동안에 else: 그렇지 않으면 instead: 대신에
ex)Having forgotten his passport, Mr. Harris was consequently unable to board his flight to Rome. ex)Look over the tour package descriptions and then make a selection.
* otherwise: 일반 부사로 사용되어 동사, 형용사, 부사 수식. ‘그렇지 않게, 달리’ 또는 ‘다른 점에서’라는 의미
① ‘그렇지 않게, 달리’ Ms. Fields believes that the marketing campaign was effective, but the survey indicates otherwise.
-자주 사용되는 collocation say/think/believe/suggest(보여주다/나타나다) + otherwise
② ‘다른 점에서’ The lead actor’s performance was the only disappointment in an otherwise excellent film.
2)접속부사는, 접속사 역할을 하는 세미콜론(;)과 함께 와야 한다. It’s too far from here besides I don’t want to go there.(×) It’s too far from here;besidesI don’t want to go there.(○)
Jack tried to cut down on his spending. (Although, However), he still ran short of money.
3)두 단어 이상으로 이루어진 부사구가 접속부사처럼 사용된다. in addition: 게다가 in fact: 실제는, 사실은 as a result: 그 결과로 in particular: 특히 even so: 그렇다 할지라도 if so: 만약 그렇다면 to that end: 그 목적을 달성하기 위해서 by comparison: 그에 비해서 on the contrary: 그와는 반대로 in contrast: 대조적으로
→ 반드시 예문과 함께 기억! I understand you. Even so, I can’t give you a ride now. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【어휘편- 명사 관련 어구1】 1)sales figures: 판매수치 Increased market competition resulted in lower sales figures last quarter for Pressman Wines.
2)employee productivity: 직원 생산성 Overtime pay will be raise as part of a plan to maximize employee productivity. 3)circulation department: 판매부 The circulation department reported a 14 percent decline in the magazine’s readership.
* 출제포인트: circulation이 ‘유통, 보급’이라는 의미로 쓰였다. cf)The most circulated magazine: 가장 많이 팔리는 잡지
4)contingency plan: 비상대책 Engineers worked on a contingency plan for the aircraft in cast of an emergency landing.
5)media coverage: 언론 보도 Media coverage of the new product launch helped raise the brand’s profile.
* 출제포인트: coverage가 ‘보도, 보도 범위’라는 의미로 사용되었다. cf)insurance coverage: 보험의 보장 범위
6)apology for: ~에 대한 사과 Intra Telecom issued an apology for the temporary service outage.
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