Lesson 22. 관계절
명사절: 주어/ 목적어/ 보어 자리 들어가는 절
형용사 절: N 접속사[주어] + 동사 : 관계대명사, 관계부사
부사절: 접속사 주어 + 동사[부사절], 주어 + 동사 [주절]
형용사 절 접속사 -> N 접속사 + [주어] + 동사
who
N which -> 관계대명사 [불완전한 문장]
that
when
N where -> 관계부사 [완벽한 문장]
how
why
1. 관계절의 자리와 쓰임
- 관계절은 주어와 동사 사이나 문장의 끝에 온다.
The students[ whom Ms. Henderson taught] were from Japan. -주어와 동사 사이
I didn't get a copy of the report [which was handed out yesterday.] - 문장의 마지막
- 관계절 자리에 대명사나 부사는 올 수 없다.
Feel free to take the brochures, [those, which ] are located at reception.
I often shop at the market [there, where] farmers sell fresh produce.
- 관계절의 동사 자리에 [준동사, 명사, 부사]는 불가
The university will contact those who [passing, pass] the entrance exam.
O 주격 관계대명사의 수 일치
who
N which + V -> Anyone who is
that -> Those who are
[S]
선행사가 사람이면 who[m], 사물이면 which를 쓴다
선행사\ 격 주격 목적격 소유격[형] + 명사
사람 who whom, who whose
사물, 동물 which which whose, of which
사람, 사물, 동물 that that ---
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-선행사가 사람이면 who[m], 사물이면 which
Ms. Harris wants to hire an assistant [which, who] is well organized.
The invitations [who, which] were left with Ms. Rawson need to be sent out.
% that은 콤마, 전치사 다음에 사용 불가
- 관계대명사에는 주격, 목적격, 소유격이 있다.
O 주격
I haven't met the woman [ who is speaking at the podium.]
The train [which is at platform] 9 is heading for Vienna.
O 목적격
The man [whom/ who] I introduced to you in my boss.[that도 가능]
Eva accepted the promotion [which] her supervisor offered.[that도 가능]
O 소유격 [형용사 역할]
N whose N + 완벽한 문장 / Your car / Your new car
- I have a car. Its color is red. -> I have a car whose color is red.
- I have a car. Everybody likes its color.
- > I have a car whose color everybody likes.
- I have a car. Everybody likes its beautiful design.
- > I have a car whose beautiful design everybody likes.
###. 가장 많이 출제된 구조
N whose N be + p.p
Gil and Sharon, the writers whose books were selected for the Book of the Year, are now rich
O 전치사 + 관계대명사
[ I interviewed a woman]. + [ I had previously met with her].
-> I interviewed a woman whom I had previously met with.[that도 가능]
-> I interviewed a woman with whom I had previously met.
% 전치사가 도치되면 whom/ which만 사용 가능
O 수량 표현 + 관계대명사 [전체의 일부를 나타낼 때]
The class has 20 students. All of the students are boys.
-> The class has 20 students, and all of them are boys.
-> The class has 20 students, all of whom are boys.
The class has 20 students, ___ are boys. [who-주격 관계대명사]
many
some of ___ are /원래는 주격이지만 전치사 of의 목적어이므로 목적격이 된다.
all
N[사람] all/ some/ most of ___ 동사 - whom
N[사물] all/ some/most of ___ 동사 - which
Q. There were 50 attendees, and all of ___ are male.
a. them b. whom
I bought the books, some of ___ are comics.
a. them b.which
# 관계대명사의 생략- 주격
N [주격 관계대명사 + be] 과거분사
The location [which was] selected for the construction is~
-> The location selected for the construction is~
The employees[ who are] involved in the case are~
The company [which is] faced with the crisis is~
The party [who is] interested in the contract is~
N [주격 관계대명사 + be] 형용사
The person[ who is] responsible for reservations~
-> The person responsible for reservations~
%%. 후치 수식해주는 형용사
available, possible, suitable, appropriate
Q. The candidates ___ for the job will~
a. suitable b. suitably
N [주격 관계대명사 + be] 전치사구 / He is [on leave].<- 전치사구
The parking lot [which is] near our office is~
The parking lot near our office is ~
Those who are on duty -> Those on duty ~
Those who are in need -> Those in need ~
# 관계대명사의 생략 -목적격
who[m]
N which S+ V -> N [목적격] S+V
that
The car [that] I like –동사의 목적어
I am looking for -전치사의 목적어
I am interested in -전치사의 목적어
- The books that I like are~
Q. The topics ___ will discuss at the meeting are ~
a. our b. us c. ourselves d. we
4. 관계부사
선행사의 종류에 따라 각각 다른 관계부사가 쓰인다.
선행사 관계부사
시간 -> day, year, time when
이유 -> the reason why
장소 -> place where
방법 -> the way how [ the way와 같이 X ]
% 접속사 + 부사의 역할/ % 완벽한 문장이 온다
- Friday is the final day when discounts are offered.
- The apartment where I live has a gym and swimming pool.
- Olivia didn't give me a reason why she changed the terms of the contract.
- It is important to find out [the way/ how] the equipment works before using it.
-> 2개 중 1개만 사용
1] 관계부사 : [전치사 + 관계사]
The building where [=in which] the employees work is safe and secure.
*at, on도 가능
The date when [=on which] I started this job was February 28.
*during, at도 가능
2] 관계부사 + 완전한 절, 관계대명사 + 불완전한 절
There was a time when this restaurant served hundreds of customers each day.
That is the woman who complained about her order.
..................................................
lend : loan : borrow : rent
lend 4형식: 빌-려- 주-다, 대출하다
Shopright Program members should not lend their discount cards to anyone.
-물건이나 돈을 빌려주다
lend me some money-> lend some money to me
...................
loan 대출하다, 빌려 주다
The government will loan approximately $4 billion to struggling automakers.
-자금 등을 빌려주다
loan them some money
.......
borrow 3형식: 빌-리-다
The city council will borrow funds to pay for the redevelopment of the harbor area.
-돈, 물건 등을 빌려오는 것을 의미한다.
borrow money
.....
rent [요금을 내고] 빌리다, [요금을 받고] 빌려 주다 / n. 임대료
The firm rented several apartments for the overseas representatives to use.
-차, 집 등을 정기적 요금을 내고 빌리거나 요금을 받고 빌려주는 것을 의미
rent a car 차를 빌리다
the rental car 렌트카
.........
expire : invalidate
expire [계약, 유효기간이] 만기가 되다
The motorist was issued a driver's license that will expire in four years.
-It will expire soon => It will be no longer valid / effective
.............
invalidate [ 계약, 법을] 무효화하다
The lease was invalidated as the landlord did not comply with the agreement terms.
- expire vi.
- invalidate vt.
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