1. 단수주어와 단수동사의 수일치
[1] 단수 가산명사
The company intends to open a local branch.
[2] 불가산 명사
The furniture arrives fully assembled.
[3] ’~하는 것‘으로 해석되는 긴말 덩어리
Watching a soccer game gets me excited. → 동명사
That John will leave is shocking. → 명사절
[4] each / every + 단수 명사
Each house has two bedrooms.
Every employee pays income taxes.
2. 복수 주어와 복수 동사의 수일치
[1] 복수 가산명사
The students expect the weather will be fine.
[2] 주어 and 주어
Jack and I are taking an accounting class.
[3] several / many / a few + 복수 명사
Several books are on the desk.
Many workers commute to work by bus.
A few machines need maintenance.
Few machines need maintenance.
3. 주의해야 할 주어와 동사의 수일치
[1] 주어와 동사 사이에 수식어가 온 경우
Getting letters [from my friends] makes me happy.→ 동명사
The paintings [at the museum]attract many tourists.
[2] ’most / all / some / half / the rest + of + the 명사‘가 주어로 온 경우 → of 뒤의 명사에 수일치 시킨다.
Most of the water was dried up in the lake.
Some of the firms disagree with the policy.
The rest of the papers are in the drawer.
4. 현재/과거/미래
[1] 현재
usually/often/every day/these days
I usually come home at 7 P.M.
[2] 과거
yesterday/ago/last+주, 달, 해/in+과거 연도
Interest rates rose last month.
[3] 미래
tomorrow/next+주, 달, 해/by, until+미래
We will have a new menu next week.
5. 현재진행/과거진행/미래진행
[1] 현재진행(am / is / are + ing)
now/right now/at the moment
The company is building an exhibition center now.
☆ now
-현재진행: 지금!
I am studying now.
-미래: 자, 이제!
I played enough games. I will study now.
[2] 과거진행(was / were + ing) → 과거
Zoe was revising the contract when he got a call.
[3] 미래진행(will be + ing) → 미래
I will be teaching at the university next year.
6. 현재완료/과거완료/미래완료
[1] 현재완료(have / has + p.p)
① 과거에 발생한 일(단순 사건 → 지금 내 상태)
I have eaten lunch.
② 상태가 현재까지 계속되고 있는 것(역사 → 지금껏 해온 일)
I have sold gum for 5 years.
☆ 현재완료의 근거
-since 과거시점
-over the last/past+기간
-for+기간
I have worked for this company since 2005.
Mr. Kim is not used to the electronic system at our firm because he has worked here for only 2 weeks.
[2] 과거완료(had + p.p) : 한 문장에 두 가지 사건이 있을 때, 먼저 일어난 일에 사용
I had played with fire, before my mom slapped my back.
[3] 미래완료(will have + p.p)
By next year, I will have lived in Hong Kong for 3 years.
미래완료의 근거
-by next+시간
-by the end of+시간
-next+시간
Mr. Kim will have submitted the document by next week.
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