1. 능동태와 수동태 구별
-능동 뒤에는 목적어
-수동 뒤에는 목적어 ×. 수식어 ○
Mr. James insists that he is innocent.
The investigation was conducted by Ms. Murphy.
☆ 중요
[1] 능동
She eats chicken.
She is eating chicken.
She has eaten chicken.
[2] 수동
Chicken is eaten by her.
Chicken is being eaten by her.
Chicken has been eaten by her.
2. 수동태의 짝 표현
-be engaged in
John is engaged in cancer research.
-be involved in
He was involved in the incident.
-be interested in
-be dedicated to
-be exposed to
The secret was exposed to the media.
-be related to
The work environment is related to productivity.
-be surprised at
We were surprised at his behavior.
-be shocked at
The writer was shocked at the criticism.
-be frightened at
-be(dis)satisfied with
-be pleased with
We are pleased with the recent sales increase.
-be equipped with
Each room is equipped with basic furniture.
3. 가정법 과거
[1] 가정법 과거
“만약 내가 부자라면, 나는 가난한 사람들을 도울 텐테.”
If 주어 과거, 주어 would/could/might 동사원형
If I were rich, I could help the poor.
If I had a membership card, I would get a discount.
[2] If가 생략된 가정법 과거=가정법 과거의 도치!
If I were rich, I could help the poor.
→Were I rich, I could help the poor.
4. 가정법 과거완료
[1] 가정법 과거완료
“우리가 그의 조언을 따랐더라면 우리는 실패하지 않았을 텐데.”
If 주어 had p.p., 주어 would/could/might have p.p.
If we had followed his advice, we would not have failed.
[2] If가 생략된 가정법 과거완료=가정법 과거완료의 도치!
→if생략!
→had와 주어의 위치 교체!
If she had notified us sooner, we would have registered for the class.
→Had she notified us sooner, we would have registered for the class.
5. 가정법 미래
[1] 가정법 미래
“혹시 John이 전화한다면 내가 너 대신 메시지를 받을게.”
If 주어 should~, 주어 will/can/may/should 동사원형
If John should call, I will take a message for you.
[2] if가 생략된 가정법 미래-가정법 미래의 도치!
→if생략!
→should와 주어의 위치 교체!
If time should allow, I will see you tomorrow.
→Should time allow, I will see you tomorrow.
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